Boiler



April 1938. ,F.SHEARER I I 2,114,360

BOILER Filed March 28, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 19, 1938. H R 2,114,360

BOILER Filed March 28, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

'ZJATTORNEY.

April 19, 1938. SHEARER 7 2,114,360

BOILER Filed March 28. 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet s [I Wi t, I II I W I'll I INVENTOR. 321mb %za ATTORNEY.

April 19, 1938. F, SHEARER 2,114,360

BOILER Filed March 28, 1935 4 Sheets-Shet 4 IN VENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 1 9, 1938 UNITED STATES BOILER Frederic Shearer, Paris, France, assignor to American Radiator Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 28, 1935, Serial No. 13,397 In Germany March 31, 1934 9 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus, and the same has for its object to provide a boiler which is comparatively simple in construction, efiicient in operation and durable in use.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the parts in contact with the burning fuel or exposed directly to the radiant heat of the fuel will be better adapted to withstand sudden and substantial changes in temperature such as occur more particularly where the boiler is thermostatically controlled.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber isformed of sheet metal, for example steel or wrought iron, having its wall portions suitably water backed, and the flue portions for conducting the hot gases andproducts of combustion from the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber to the smoke outlet, formed of cast metal. I

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber is formed as a unit of sheet metal, and the flue portion intermediate the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber and the smoke outlet is formed of a plurality of cast metal sections connected to and communicating with the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the flue forming pontion of the boiler is disposed above and in spaced relation to the top of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber to provide an additional flue portion between said parts which serves materially to lengthen the path of travel of the hot gases and products of combustion.

Other objects will in part be obvious, and in part be hereinafter described.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invention consists in the novel features of construction, and in the combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation showing one form of boiler constructed according to, and embodying my said invention;

Fig. 2 is a front view;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the line' 3-3 of Fig. 4':

Fig. 4-. is a transverse section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken essentially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3. In said drawings the boiler is shown comprising an outer shell or casing I0 preferably formed of sheet metal. The shell or casing I0 includes the side walls II, back I2, and front I3 which are suitably secured together along their adjacent edges in any suitable manner, as, for example, by keys I4. The front I3 is provided with flue clean out openings I5, I55, fuel opening I6, 10 slicing opening I1, and ash pit opening I8, provided with closures I5 IB Ili Il I8 respectively, and the back I2 is provided with an opening I9 to accommodate the smoke hood 20, con; taining the damper 20, a flue clean-out opening 15 2| provided with a closure 2I an opening 22 communicating with the rear of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, provided with a closure 22 and a rear ash-pit opening 23 provided with a closure 23 Other openings are 20 provided in the several wall portions of the casing I0 to accommodate the flow and return pipes, and the other pipes connecting the several operatively related parts of the boiler, hereinafter described. 25

Within the casing I0 is disposed a doublewalled water-backed fuel receptacle and combustion chamber 24 which is preferably formed of sheet steel and is substantially of an inverted U,-shape and coextensive in length with the 30 length of the boiler. The said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber comprises an outer shell 24 and a smaller inner shell 24 which are of inverted U-shape in cross-section, and having adjoining edges welded as at 24. Each shell in- 35 cludes side and top walls arranged in spaced relation and forming there-between water-containing portions. The said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber has the lower ends of its side members supported upon a base 24 or alter- '40 natively the water-backed chamber 24 can be extended to floor level. Suitable fixed supports 25, having trunnions 25 thereon are provided to pivotally support the rocking grate-bar 26, connected together by the reciprocable bars 27, 45 which are fitted when boiler is used for solid fuel only.

The fuel receptacle and combustion chamber 24 is provided in its top at the forward end thereof with an elongated transverse passage 28 for 50 the gases and products of combustion.

29 denotes a cast iron flue portion comprising a series of transverse hollow cast iron sections 30 communicatively connected together at their opposite lower ends by nipples 3|, and at their surface members in order more efliciently to abstract the heat from the hot gases and products of combustion in their passage through said flues.

The sections 36 are provided with peripheral beads 39, and certain of the intermediate sections with more or less vertical ribs 30 which extend between the vertical rows of openings 33 and 33 to form partitions for causing the gases to pass forwardly in the outer rows of openings 33. A certain number of the intermediate sections assembled at the front of boiler have the rib 38 removed to form vertical passages 33 to allow the gases to pass from opening 33 to 33 and thence rearwardly through the inner or central openings 33 to the smoke hood 20. The intermediate sections 333 are also provided with more or less horizontal ribs 3ll separating the flues 33 and 33 from the lower backward flue 37.

A certain number of the intermediate sections assembled at the back or smoke hood end of the boiler have the rib 33 adjacent the sides of the boiler removed over a portion of its length to form horizontal passages 31 to allow the flue gases to pass from the rear of flue opening 31 to the side flue openings 33.

The transverse sections 33, as a connected whole, are supported in spaced relation to the upper side of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber 24, by short feet 35 upon angular rails 35, and thus form a reentering bottom or base constituting a flue portion 31 through which the gases may pass rearwardly. The under sides of the sections 38 are tapered from their central portions towards their sides so that the flue portion 37 shall be somewhat larger or higher at said point than at its ends, and the under sides of said sections are also provided with extended surface members or fins 38.

Communication between the water-backed portion of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber 24, and the transverse sections 30 is established by a plurality of pipe connections 40 arranged at the front of boiler only. The aforesaid pipe connections 40 placed at front of the boiler are the only connections between the two units, i. e. the steel sheet fuel receptacle and combustion chamber and the cast iron flue sections. It therefore follows that the two units are free to expand independently of each other with no danger of rupture of any part due to the difference in expansion between dissimilar metals.

Flow pipes 4| extend at intervals from the tops of the transverse sections 30, and the return pipes 42 enter at the back water-backed portion of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber 24, adjacent to the lower end thereof.

Theoperation of the boiler will be obvious from the foregoing description.

It is to be noted that where a boiler is provided with an automatically operating burner, such as an oil burner, coal dust burner, gas burner or the like the flame is suddenly developed in the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber. If the flame is controlled by a thermostat, a steam pressure gauge or other apparatus the heat is often suddenly turned on or turned off. As a result of such operation the water-cooled surfaces of the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber directly exposed to the flame are subjected to sudden variations in heat transmission which in the case of cast iron may cause the sections to crack, due to burners being badly adjusted or the output of which is wrongly proportionedto the capacity of the boiler. The use of sheet steel in making the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, as above described, renders the same extremely strong and elastic and capable of withstanding the stresses and strains to which it is subjected by the sudden alternate heating and cooling incidental to the operation of automatic burners.

Further, it is to be noted that the combined use of sheet steel and cast metal renders the assembling of the parts extremely convenient, and that the cast metal portion, which includes the flues for the gases and products of combustion may be combined with the fuel receptacle and combustion chamber portion in other ways than herein described and shown, that is to say, the cast metal flue portion may be arranged to the rear of or at either side of the sheet metal fuel receptacle and combustion chamber.

Further, it is to be noted that by means of my invention I am enabled to produce a boiler possessing the strength and elasticity of a steel boiler in the combustion chamber, combined with the advantages of the cast iron construction, i. e. resistance to corrosion, in the flue passages.

A further advantage of my invention is that with a cast iron flue construction I am able to obtain economically the intricate shapes which are advantageous to extract the maximum amount of heat from the flue gases, at the same time combining the aforesaid advantages of the steel construction.

The boiler as described in the foregoing specification can be adapted to meet particular local heating requirements, since it is possible to reduce or increase the number of cast iron sections so as to decrease or increase the path of the gases, according to whether the boiler is to be operated with oil firing or solid fuel.

Having thus described my said invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A boiler including an integral sheet metal double-walled water-backed fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, having an outlet opening in its top, and a series of cast metal transverse water containing sections communicatively connected with each other, disposed above the top of said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, and the opposing wall portions of the parts conjointly forming an enclosure communicating with said outlet opening and serving as a flue for the passage of products of combustion from the combustion chamber, means connecting said watercontaining sections with the water-backed portion of said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, said transverse water containing sections each having a plurality of openings therein registering with the corresponding openings of the remaining sections and forming a series of flues extending longitudinally of the boiler and communicating with said second-named flue for conducting the hot gases and products of combustion from said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber to the smoke outlet.

2. A boiler including a member formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, Waterbacked fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, and a cast metal member havinga reentering bottom disposed upon said first-named member and a plurality of flues for the hot gases and products of combustion; the top of said firstnamed member and the bottom of said secondnamed member forming an enclosure constituting a flue including means for communicatively connecting said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber with the gas flues in said second-named member.

3. A boiler comprising two juxtapositioned parts, one of said parts being formed of sheet metal and including a fuel receptacle and combustion chamber, and the other of said parts being formed of cast metal and including a series of water-containing elements having flues therein; the opposing walls of said juxtapositioned parts having the edge portions thereof in contact and forming an enclosure serving as a flue between said parts, means of communication between said fuel receptacle and combustion chamber and said second named flue and the flues in said cast metal part, and a casing enclosing said two parts.

4. A boiler including a member formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, water-backed combustion chamber, and a juxtapositioned complementing member of cast metal having water-containing spaces therein and flues, the opposing walls of said juxtapositioned members conjointly forming an enclosure serving as a flue between said members, and means for conducting the gases and products of combustion from said combustion chamber into said second-named flue and therefrom into the flues in said cast metal member.

5. A boiler including a part formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, waterbacked combustion chamber, and a juxtapositioned complementing part formed of cast metal including water-containing portions having flues therein, the opposing walls of said juxtapositioned parts conjointly forming an enclosure serving as a flue between the parts, means for conducting the gases and products of combustion from said combustion chamber into said second-named flue and therefrom into the flues of said cast metal part, and means for communicatively connecting the water-containing portions of said parts.

6. A boiler including a part formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, waterbacked combustion chamber, and a juxtapositioned complementing part including a series of water-containing cast metal sections communicatively connected together and having registering openings therein forming flues, the opposing walls of said juxtapositioned parts conjointly forming an enclosure serving as a flue between said parts, means for conducting the gases and products of combustion from said combustion chamber into said second-named flue and therefrom into the flues of said cast metal part, and means for communicatively connecting the water-containing portions of said parts.

7. A boiler including a part formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, waterbacked combustion chamber, and a complementing part including a series of water-containing cast metal sections communicatively connected together and having registering openings therein forming a plurality of longitudinal flues; said second-named part being disposed upon said first-named part, and the opposing walls of said parts conjointly forming therebetween an enclosure serving as a flue and having means of communicating at one end with said combustion chamber and at the other end thereof with said first-named flues, and means for communicatively connecting the water-containing portions of said parts.

8. A boiler including a part formed of sheet metal constituting a double-walled, waterbacked combustion chamber, and a cast metal part having a plurality of flues for the hot gases and products of combustion, said last-named parts being disposed upon said first-named part, and the opposing walls thereof conjointly forming an enclosure serving as a flue between the parts, and means for conducting the gases and products of combustion from said combustion chamber into said second flue and therefrom into the flues in said cast metal part.

9. A boiler including a sheet metal doublewalled, water-backed part including a combustion chamber, and a part including a series of cast metal, communicatively connected transverse water-containing members disposed above said first-named part and having registering openings therein forming flues, the contiguous wall portions of said parts conjointly forming an enclosure serving as a flue between said parts, means for conducting the gaseous products of combustion from said combustion chamber into said second-named flue and therefrom into said first-named flues, and means of communication between the water-backed portion of said firstof said second-named part.

FREDERIC SHEAR/ER. 

